Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is a bariatric (metabolic/weight-loss) surgery in which approximately 75–80% of the stomach is surgically removed, leaving a narrow banana-shaped "sleeve" or tube in its place. It's performed using minimally invasive techniques with small incisions and a camera rather than a large open incision

1. Performed under general anaesthesia
2. Usually takes 1–2 hours
3. Hospital stay: typically 1–2 nights
4. Recovery: most patients return to normal activities within 2–4 weeks

The smaller stomach holds much less food so patients feel full after eating small portions. It also has a complex hormonal effect which results in changes in glucose metabolism, hunger and satiety

• Shorter operative time and generally a more straightforward recovery
• Effective durable weight loss with significant improvement in obesity-related conditions for most patients
• Preserves normal food passage through the stomach and duodenum which may be relevant for future medical procedures (eg ERCP)
• Less malabsorption of macronutrients (protein, fat, carbohydrate) compared to a bypass procedure

• Not reversible: the removed portion of the stomach cannot be replaced
• New or worsened acid reflux/GORD can occur
• Nutritional deficiencies can still occur (vitamin B12, iron, vitamin D, calcium, thiamine) due to reduced intake
• Requires lifelong monitoring and supplementation

Ongoing monitoring is recommended including regular check-ins with the surgical/bariatric team, nutritional bloodwork and support for sustainable lifestyle changes since long-term success depends on more than the operation itself